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1.
Toxins (Basel) ; 14(8)2022 08 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36006202

RESUMO

Nowadays, the bakery industry includes different bioactive ingredients to enrich the nutritional properties of its products, such as betalains from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris). However, cereal products are considered a major route of exposure to many mycotoxins, both individually and in combination, due to their daily consumption, if the cereals used contain these toxins. Only the fraction of the contaminant that is released from the food is bioaccessible and bioavailable to produce toxic effects. Foods with bioactive compounds vary widely in chemical structure and function, and some studies have demonstrated their protective effects against toxics. In this study the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of three legislated mycotoxins (AFB1, OTA and ZEN), individual and combined, in two breads, one with wheat flour and the other with wheat flour enriched with 20% Beta vulgaris, were evaluated. Bioaccessibility of these three mycotoxins from wheat bread and red beet bread enriched individually at 100 ng/g was similar between the breads: 16% and 14% for AFB1, 16% and 17% for OTA and 26% and 22% for ZEN, respectively. Whereas, when mycotoxins were co-present these values varied with a decreasing tendency: 9% and 15% for AFB1, 13% and 9% for OTA, 4% and 25% for ZEN in wheat bread and in red beet bread, respectively. These values reveal that the presence of other components and the co-presence of mycotoxins can affect the final bioavailability; however, it is necessary to assess this process with in vivo studies to complete the studies.


Assuntos
Micotoxinas , Zearalenona , Aflatoxina B1/análise , Betalaínas/análise , Pão/análise , Digestão , Grão Comestível/química , Farinha/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Micotoxinas/análise , Ocratoxinas , Triticum , Verduras , Zearalenona/análise
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 90: e1-e12, 2016 Nov 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27885253

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is an important risk factor in terms of mortality attributable and the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study is to estimate the degree of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in population of Valencia Region and identify predictors that explain the lack of proper control. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study in 413 men and 415 women between 16 and 90 years participants in Nutrition Survey of Valencia held in 2010. Automatic sphygmomanometer was used for taking blood pressure. Hypertension was defined according to the criteria of 2007 European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology. Data on knowledge and treatment were obtained by survey. Predictors for awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were estimated by logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension estimated for the study population was 38.2% (95% CI: 34.9%-41.5%). 51.4% (95% CI: 45.9%-57.0%) of the hypertensive population, knew his condition. 88.8% of them (95% CI: 83.9%-93.6%) were receiving drug therapy and of these, 45.1% (95% CI: 36.9%-53.3%) maintained blood pressure controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Since the last survey in Valencia Region, the degree of awareness of hypertension has not improved although an increase in those treated with antihypertensive drugs is observed.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Prevalência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 90: E9, 2016 Apr 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27032998

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is one of the main risk factor in terms of attributable mortality and the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in population more than fifteen years of Valencia region and describe the strength of association between specific factors and the presence of hypertension. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study in 413 men and 415 women between 16 and 90 years participants in Nutrition Survey of Valencia held in 2010. Data were collected through household survey and blood pressure was measured using an automated sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined according to criteria established in 2007 by the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology. Strength of association between hypertension and associated factors was measured by binary logistic regression for demographic explanatory variables, family history, lifestyle, anthropometric variables and others. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypertension estimated for Valencia region was 38,2% [95% CI 34,9 to 41,5]; 40,7% in men [95% CI 35,0 to 45,5] and 35,7% in women [95% CI 31,1 to 40,3]. Remained as associated variables with hypertension: age [45-64 years OR 4.3, IC 95% 2.1-8.8; 65 or more years, OR 15.5, IC 95% 7.2-33.2], body mass index [overweight OR 2.1 95% CI 1.3 to 3.2; obesity OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.3 to 8.5] and diabetes [OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8]. CONCLUSIONS: More than a third of the study population suffers from hypertension. Its risk increases with age. Overweight and diabetes mellitus double the likelihood of developing hypertension.


OBJETIVO: La hipertensión es un importante factor de riesgo en términos de mortalidad atribuible y como factor de riesgo cardiovascular modificable. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en población mayor de quince años de la Comunitat Valenciana y describir su asociación con determinados factores etiológicos. METODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en 413 hombres y 415 mujeres de 16 a 90 años de edad participantes en la Encuesta de Nutrición de la Comunitat Valenciana realizada en 2010. La información se obtuvo mediante encuesta a domicilio y medida de la presión arterial utilizando esfigmomanómetro automático. Para la definición de hipertensión arterial se siguió el criterio establecido en 2007 por la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión Arterial y la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología. La asociación entre factores asociados e hipertensión medida mediante regresión logística binaria para variables explicativas sociodemográficas, antecedentes, estilos de vida, variables antropométricas y otras. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de hipertensión estimada para la Comunidad Valenciana fue de 38,2% [IC95% 34,9-41,5]; 40,7% en hombres [IC95%35,0-45,5] y 35,7% en mujeres [IC95% 31,1-40,3]. La edad [45-64 años OR: 4,3, IC 95% 2,1-8,8; 65 o más años, OR 15,5, IC 95% 7,2-33,2)], la categoría ponderal [sobrepeso OR 2,1 IC95% 1,3-3,2; obesidad OR 5,3, IC95% 3,3-8,5] y padecer diabetes [OR 2,4, IC95% 1,2-4,8] se constituyeron como variables asociadas con hipertensión. CONCLUSIONES: Más de un tercio de la población estudiada padece hipertensión. La probabilidad de presentarla aumenta con la edad. El sobrepeso así como la diabetes mellitus duplican la probabilidad de padecerla.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Angiopatias Diabéticas/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 90: 0-0, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158120

RESUMO

Fundamento: La hipertensión arterial es un importante factor de riesgo en términos de mortalidad atribuible y el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular modificable. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar el grado de conocimiento y control de la hipertensión e identificar los factores que influyen en la falta de control adecuado. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en 413 hombres y 415 mujeres entre 16 y 90 años participantes en la Encuesta de Nutrición de la Comunitat Valenciana realizada en 2010. Para la toma de la presión arterial se utilizó esfigmomanómetro automático. La hipertensión fue definida según el criterio de 2007 de la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión Arterial y la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología. Los datos sobre conocimiento y tratamiento fueron obtenidos de la encuesta. Los factores predictores del conocimiento, tratamiento y control de hipertensión se estimaron mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de hipertensión estimada para la población estudiada fue del 38,2% (IC 95% 34,9%-41,5%). El 51,4% (IC 95% 45,9%-57,0%) de la población hipertensa conocía su condición. De estos el 88,8% (IC 95% 83,9%-93,6%) recibía tratamiento farmacológico y de ellos el 45,1% (IC95% 36,9%-53,3%) mantenía la presión arterial controlada. Conclusiones: Desde la última encuesta realizada en la Comunitat Valenciana, el grado de conocimiento del hipertenso no es mejor si bien se observa un incremento de las personas tratadas (AU)


Background: Hypertension is an important risk factor in terms of mortality attributable and the main modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study is to estimate degree of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in population of Valencia Region and identify predictors that explain the lack of proper control. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study in 413 men and 415 women between 16 and 90 years participants in Nutrition Survey of Valencia held in 2010. Automatic sphygmomanometer was used for taking blood pressure. Hypertension was defined according to the criteria of 2007 European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology. Data on knowledge and treatment were obtained by survey. Predictors for awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were estimated by logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of hypertension estimated for the study population was 38.2% (95% CI 34.9%-41.5%). 51.4% (95% CI 45.9%-57.0%) of the hypertensive population, knew his condition. 88.8% of them (95% CI 83.9%-93.6%) were receiving drug therapy and of these, 45.1% (95% CI 36.9%-53.3%) maintained blood pressure controlled. Conclusions: Since the last survey in Valencia Region, the degree of awareness of hypertension has not improved although an increase in those treated with antihypertensive drugs is observed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Letramento em Saúde/organização & administração , Fatores de Risco , Pressão Arterial , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/terapia , Escolaridade , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Modelos Logísticos , Inquéritos Nutricionais/métodos , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Razão de Chances
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 90: 0-0, 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-152934

RESUMO

Fundamento: La hipertensión es un importante factor de riesgo en términos de mortalidad atribuible y como factor de riesgo cardiovascular modificable. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en población mayor de quince años de la Comunitat Valenciana y describir su asociación con determinados factores etiológicos. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en 413 hombres y 415 mujeres de 16 a 90 años de edad participantes en la Encuesta de Nutrición de la Comunitat Valenciana realizada en 2010. La información se obtuvo mediante encuesta a domicilio y medida de la presión arterial utilizando esfigmomanómetro automático. Para la definición de hipertensión arterial se siguió el criterio establecido en 2007 por la Sociedad Europea de Hipertensión Arterial y la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología. La asociación entre factores asociados e hipertensión medida mediante regresión logística binaria para variables explicativas sociodemográficas, antecedentes, estilos de vida, variables antropométricas y otras. Resultados: La prevalencia de hipertensión estimada para la Comunidad Valenciana fue de 38,2% [IC95% 34,9-41,5]; 40,7% en hombres [IC95%35,0-45,5] y 35,7% en mujeres [IC95% 31,1-40,3]. La edad [45-64 años OR 4,3, IC 95% 2,1-8,8; ≥65 años, OR 15,5, IC 95% 7,2-33,2)], la categoría ponderal [sobrepeso OR 2,1 IC95% 1,3-3,2; obesidad OR 5,3, IC95% 3,3-8,5] y padecer diabetes mellitus [OR 2,4, IC95% 1,2-4,8] se constituyeron como variables asociadas con hipertensión. Conclusiones: Más de un tercio de la población estudiada padece hipertensión. La probabilidad de presentarla aumenta con la edad. El sobrepeso así como la diabetes mellitus duplican la probabilidad de padecerla (AU)


Background: Hypertension is the main risk factor in terms of attributable mortality and the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in population more than fifteen years of Valencia region and describe the strength of association between specific factors and the presence of hypertension. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study in 413 men and 415 women between 16 and 90 years participants in Nutrition Survey of Valencia held in 2010. Data were collected through household survey and blood pressure was measured using an automated sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined according to criteria established in 2007 by the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology. Strength of association between hypertension and associated factors was measured by binary logistic regression for demographic explanatory variables, family history, lifestyle, anthropometric variables and others. Results: The prevalence of hypertension estimated for Valencia region was 38,2% [95% CI 34,9 to 41,5]; 40,7% in men [95% CI 35,0 to 45,5] and 35,7% in women [95% CI 31,1 to 40,3]. Remained as associated variables with hypertension: age [45-64 years OR 4,3, IC 95% 2,1-8,8; ≥65 years, OR 15,5, IC 95% 7,2-33,2], body mass index [overweight OR 2,1 95% CI 1,3 to 3,2; obesity OR 5,3, 95% CI 3,3 to 8,5] and diabetes [OR 2,4, 95% CI 1,2-4,8]. Conclusions: More than a third of the study population suffers from hypertension. Its risk increases with age. Overweight and diabetes mellitus double the likelihood of developing hypertension (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estilo de Vida , Antropometria/métodos , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/etiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Espanha/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos
6.
Rev. toxicol ; 30(2): 193-197, jul.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126299

RESUMO

Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios producidos por hongos filamentosos, principalmente Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. y Penicillium spp. Fusarium puede producir las denominadas micotoxinas emergentes: beauvericina y eniatinas (eniatina A, eniatina A1, eniatina B y eniatina B1), entre otras. Estas micotoxinas están presentes en piensos destinados a peces de piscifactoría que incluyen cereales en su composición. Además, estas micotoxinas,alseringeridas, puedenaparecerenelmúsculodelos animales, suponiendo un riesgo potencial para la salud humana, por lo que en el presente trabajo se propone el estudio de la presencia de las micotoxinas emergentes de Fusarium (beauvericina y eniatinas) en pescado. La extracción se realiza con acetonitrilo usando ultrasonidos. Las micotoxinas son identificadas y cuantificadas mediante cromatografía líquida y espectrometría de masas con triple cuadrupolo. Se analizaron un total de diecinueve muestras de pescado, dieciséis de ellas (lubina y dorada) procedentes de piscifactorías y tres muestras procedentes de la pesca extractiva (bacalao, caballa y merluza), todas ellas adquiridas en diferentes supermercados de Valencia. Se detectaron niveles de eniatina A1, eniatina B y eniatina B1 del orden de μg/kg en muestras de pescado procedente de piscifactoría. La presencia de estas micotoxinas en el tejido de los peces puede ser debida a la ingesta de éstas con el pienso. Los resultados mostraron que las muestras correspondientes a peces procedentes de piscifactoría estaban contaminadas con micotoxinas, mientras que en las muestras de pesca extractiva no se detectó contaminación. Eniatina A y beauvericina no se detectaron en las muestras analizadas, mientras que la eniatina B fue la micotoxina más prevalente (AU)


Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi, mainly Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp.Fusarium also produce the emerging mycotoxins: beauvericin and enniatins (enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B and enniatin B1), among others. These mycotoxins are present in feed for farmed fish because they include cereals in its composition. Furthermore, these mycotoxins, when ingested, can appear in the animal muscle, assuming a potential risk to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of emerging mycotoxins (beauvericin and enniatins) in fish. Mycotoxins extraction is performed with acetonitrile using ultrasound. Mycotoxins are identified and quantified by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole. A total of nineteen fish samples were analyzed, sixteen fishes from fish farms (sea bass and sea bream) and three from extractive fishing (cod, mackerel and hake), but all of them were acquired in different supermarkets located in Valencia. Levels of enniatin A1, enniatin B and enniatin B1 were detected in the order of μg/kg in samples of farmed fish. The presence of these mycotoxins in fish tissue may be due to the intake of them in feed manufactured from raw materials containing these mycotoxins. Results showed that samples corresponding to aquaculture fishes showed mycotoxin contents, while samples from extractive fishing showed no presence of mycotoxins. Enniatin A and beauvericin were not detected in samples analyzed, while enniatin B was the most prevalent mycotoxin (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Micotoxicose/epidemiologia , Micotoxicose/prevenção & controle , Micotoxinas/análise , Micotoxinas/química , Micotoxinas/toxicidade , Fusarium/química , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Peixes , Medicina Preventiva , Análise Espectral/métodos
7.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 19(3): 159-165, sept. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-132815

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Los cambios realizados en los últimos años en los países occidentalizados han contribuido al incremento de los usuarios en los comedores colectivos, en empresas y colegios. En este trabajo se valoran los menús escolares atendiendo a las normas descritas a nivel nacional y autonómico para la prevención de enfermedades y mejora del estado de salud. Métodos: Se analizan tres menús consecutivos de una empresa de restauración colectiva de 20 días cada uno, divididos en bloques de 5 días simulando la semana de ingesta en el comedor escolar, para usuarios entre 9 y 13 años. Resultados: Los menús analizados suministran un aporte energético medio de 32,6% de la energía diaria, dentro del rango recomendado. Sin embargo, destaca un elevado aporte proteico (20,1%) centrado en el consumo de lácteos, carnes magras, pescados blancos y huevos. Los aportes suministrados de vitamina C, vitamina A y hierro permiten satisfacer los requerimientos medios estimados. Sin embargo, para el calcio y vitamina E no debiéndose complementar con los aportes domésticos. Conclusiones: Los menús escolares analizados ofrecen un aporte energético de acuerdo a las recomendaciones, aunque destaca una contribución elevada a partir de la ingesta proteica. La intervención de dietistas-nutricionistas en el diseño y planificación de los menús suministrados permite una mejor configuración nutricional, la evaluación continuada y mejora de la oferta, además de su potencial contribución al asesoramiento individual y otras actividades de información-educación nutricional (AU)


Background: The changes that are taking place in recent years in western countries have shown an increase in the number of users in the canteens, both in companies and in schools. In this paper school menus are assessed according to the standards established at national and regional level for disease prevention and health improvement. Methods: We analyzed three consecutive menus offered by a catering company of 20 days each, divided into blocks of five days a week simulating intake in the cafeteria for users between 9 and 13 years. Results: The analyzed menus provide an average energy intake of 32.6 % of the daily energy, within the recommended range. Result highlight a large contribution from the protein intake (20.1%) provided by the consumption of dairy, lean meats, fish and eggs. The amounts provided of vitamin C, vitamin A and iron satisfy the estimated average requirements for these nutrients However, those for calcium and vitamin E do not meet the daily requirement and must be complemented with domestic contributions. Conclusions: The school menus analyzed provide an energy intake according to recommendations, but a high contribution from protein intake . The involvement of nutritionists - dietitians in the design and planning of school menus contributes to a better nutrition profile of the offer and enables continuous assessment and improvement of the offer, in addition to its potential contribution to individual counseling and other nutritional information-education activities (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Alimentação Escolar/normas , Alimentação Escolar , Deficiência de Proteína/dietoterapia , Deficiência de Proteína/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/dietoterapia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/dietoterapia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/normas , Alimentação Escolar/classificação , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Composição de Alimentos , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional/métodos , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Pharm. care Esp ; 3(2): 95-104, mar.-abr. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12913

RESUMO

Se analiza el perfil clínico y farmacoterapéutico de 80 pacientes (38 hombres y 42 mujeres) a los que se les dispensó un medicamento del grupo terapéutico BO4 en seis Farmacias Comunitarias de la Provincia de Valencia con objeto de desarrollar una metodología de trabajo que permita detectar y resolver Problemas Relacionados con Medicamentos (PRM). Con ella, los pacientes mejoran la adhesión al tratamiento dietético y farmacológico ,se resuelven PRM en el 34 por ciento de los pacientes y se constata un descenso estadísticamento significativo en los valores medios de colesterol total y de triglicéridos (-32 mg/dl y -45 mg/dl, respectivamente) tras tres meses de seguimiento del paciente por el farmacéutico (AU)


The clinical and pharmacotherapeutic profile of 80 patients (38 men and 42 women) to whom a drug from the therapeutic group B04 was dispensed in six community pharmacies of Valencia was analyzed with the object of developing a work method which permits the detection and resolves drug-related problems (DRP). With this, patients improved adherence to diet and pharmacological treatment, DRP were resolved in 34% of the patients, and a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of the cholesterol total and triglycerides (-32 mg/dl and -45 mg/dl, respectively) was observed after three months of patient follow up by the pharmacist (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Assistência ao Paciente , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Seguimentos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Cooperação do Paciente , Escolaridade
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